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Genlisea aurea
''Genlisea aurea'' is one of the largest carnivorous species in the genus ''Genlisea'' (family Lentibulariaceae). It has pale bundles of root-like organs up to about 15 cm long under ground that attract, trap, and digest protozoans. These organs are subterranean leaves, which lack chlorophyll. ''G. aurea'' is endemic to Brazil, where it grows with several other species of ''Genlisea''. It possesses an exceptionally small genome for a flowering plant.
== Characteristics ==
''G. aurea'' is a perennial herb that forms small, compact rosettes composed of nearly linear leaves about 2 mm wide. Leaves are typically 5-50 mm in length, but most of that length, including the petiole, is hidden beneath the soil. The rosettes can grow to be as big as 5 cm wide. It has no true roots and instead has highly modified subterranean leaves that act as the carnivorous trapping mechanism.〔Rivadavia, F. (2002). ''Genlisea aurea'' St. Hil. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'', 31(2): 54-56.〕
The up to 40 cm tall inflorescence produces one to three flowers at its apex that are typically 15-20 mm long and are the largest of the yellow-flowered species. Each inflorescence can produce up to a total of eleven flowers. In its natural habitat, ''G. aurea'' can be found flowering year-round. The flowers and the scapes are densely covered in glandular trichomes.〔〔Taylor, P. (1991). The genus ''Genlisea''. ''Carnivorous Plant Newsletter'', 20(1-2): 20-26.〕
The genomes of several species in the genus ''Genlisea'' were studied in 2006. According to the study, prior to its publication the smallest known angiosperm (flowering plant) genome was that of ''Arabidopsis thaliana'' at 157 Megabase pairs (Mbp). With a diploid chromosome number of around 52 (2n = ca. 52), ''G. aurea'' has the distinction of having one of the smallest known angiosperm genome size at 63.6 Mbp. The smallest individual chromatids from mitotic anaphase are just 2.1 Mbp and therefore have a size smaller than some bacterial chromosomes, such as the approximate 4 Mbp of ''Escherichia coli''.〔Greilhuber, J., Borsch, T., Müller, K., Worberg, A., Porembski, S., and Barthlott, W. (2006). Smallest angiosperm genomes found in Lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size. ''Plant Biology'', 8: 770-777.〕 ''Genlisea tuberosa'' has the smallest known angiosperm genome as of 2014 at around 61 Mbp.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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